True Happiness in The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut...

True Happiness in The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut and Hans Weingartners The Eduakators A large parcel of the population has as their ultimate goal in life achieving well-being. Unfortunately many try to achieve it through the wrong means. For instance, in The Sirens of Titan, by Kurt Vonnegut, Malachi Constant thinks he is truly happy, but what he really does is fulfill his hedonism, satisfy his shallow needs, without truly searching for a higher form of well-being. Not only does a life focused on hedonic satisfaction not achieve true happiness, it also leads, along with the urge to accumulate, egocentrism, and greed, to an unethical life. The Sirens of Titans depicts this kind of life, which is also represented throughout†¦show more content†¦(†¦) Further, because achieving money, fame, and image is often contingent on engaging in nonautonomous activities, emphasizing such goals may detract from a sense of authenticity and result in lower well-being. (13) That is exactly the lifestyle that both Malachi and Hardenberg had. Even though Malachi was financially the luckiest man on Earth, he did not focus on other important factors to improve his well-being, such as solid relationships and virtue. That is explicit when he searched his memory and found only an â€Å"exposed snapshot of all the women he had had, with preposterous enterprises, with testimonials that attributed to him virtues and strengths that only three billion dollars could have† (Voggenut 16). Nothing of value was found, only shallow achievements. Also whenever Malachi would indulge in hedonic pleasures it was not happiness he would find. On the contrary, it would be â€Å"depression that always followed his taking of alcohol, narcotics and women† (Voggenut 12). Hardenberg, who was also millionaire, did not live a truly happy life. The price he had to pay to be a millionaire was taken upon his personal relationships. In The Edukators, when Hardenberg is asked by Jule how many hours he worked a day he answered, â€Å"thirteen, fourteen easy.† Jule then proceeded to make an important observation, â€Å"What do you do with all that money? (†¦) You don’t even have

Public Administration - 847 Words

Public administration was once defined as a detailed and systematic execution of public law (Boundreau, 1950, p. 371). However, in Whites book Introduction to the Study of Public Administration, he defined it as Ã¥ ¦â€šublic administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment or enforcement of public policy, as declared by the competent authorities (Boundreau, 1950, p. 371). The public interest in public administration is making decisions and carrying out duties by the government that corresponds and agrees with the majority of the public. The public is made up of individuals, and groups that embody various ideals, points of views, and interests. In a way, public interest is defined as a working compromise and be subject to continuous redefinition, as need arises, in the process of achieving an often delicate balance among conflicting interests (Boundreau, 1950, p. 371). The public interest and the approach to serving such duty by public administ rators have changed since September 11, 2001, which was when the terrorist attacks took place on the twin towers. Public interest reflected a new concern for the public good, and a new approach to deal with the threats placed on the people on a global level. September 11th was an event that took place that shook the core and reevaluated the values that public administrators held dear and near, which include an order for a free and democratic society to flourish, all its citizens, including,Show MoreRelatedPublic Administration967 Words   |  4 PagesPublic administration refers to the officials, institutions and processes involved with implementing the laws, rules and policies passed by legislatures and executive. It was originally a branch of political science, but public administration has developed into a field of study of its own during the 20th century, thanks in part to groundbreaking writings by early scholars in the field. These classic works laid the foundation for a new discipline that combines academic study with professionalRead MorePublic Administration And The Public Sector837 Words   |  4 PagesOld Public Administration was created to answer the questions to many unanswered problems. President Woodrow Wilson said it was â€Å"harder to run a constitution than to frame it† because of the difficult administrative tasks had to deal with. Sure enough, he was not the only person who felt that way. President Wilson believed that in order to run an effective government, ideas from the private sector should be incorporated into the public sector. 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There are several strategies that can be used in public management but the selection and use of the most suitable one depends on the situation and the manager involved. Managers in the public sector are usually confronted with complex problems that require strategy thinking in order to find the most suitable way forwardRead MoreAn Understanding of Public Administration2588 Words   |  11 PagesAn Understanding of Public Administration Master of Public Administration Program Modern Public Administration: Managing Public Nonprofit Organizations PAD 500 Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. 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However, changing in political and economic context have made it increasingly difficult to determine what constitute the principles, foundations, quality and effectiveness of public administration. (UNECOSOC, 2005) The present report presents some initial thoughts and recommendations about the methodology that canRead MoreA Study Of Public Administration1516 Words   |  7 PagesSince Woodrow Wilson (1889) published the article, â€Å"a study of public administration†, the main question in the field of public administration is how to govern a democratic and political entity. Given public administration conventionally concerns about civil servants and agencies in the executive branch, one among diverse and essential subfields is bureaucracy and organizational theory. In general, the development of studies on bureaucracy and organ izational theory has gone through the period of

Impact Of European Settlement On The Torres †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of European Settlement On The Torres. Answer: Before the migration of European settlers in 1788 the Torres strait and the Aboriginal population occupied a major part of Australia. Individuals belonging to Torres Strait Islander and aboriginal community have different culture and ethnic context.According to the reports, the population of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is about 2.8% of the total Australian population in the year 2017(Gale, 2016).There are several reasons of their migration to other countries like floods, famines and political issues .This report demonstrates the impact of European settlement on the Torres strait and the Aboriginal population. Family Structure The individuals living in Papua New Guinea and the Pacific are quite similar in cultural aspects. Torres Strait Islander has 2 communities which reside near the coast of mainland at Bamaga and Seisia. The individuals belonging to this community performs business with the ones who live in Papua New Guinea. After the European settlement, these individuals faced discrimination from the individuals of non- indigenous population because of their origin, ethnicity and financial issues. They have different lifestyles and a diverse cultural and religious background. Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal population have young individuals as compared to the individuals of non-indigenous population in Australia. Health and well being After the European settlement, Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal population of Australia did not get proper access to health care services. There are also several risk and protective factors that have a negative affect on the health conditions of individuals belonging to Torres Strait Islander community. These factors include health problems, different health beliefs, cultural perception about health, financial problems, discrimination based on caste, creed, religion etc. A large number of individuals belonging to the Torres Strait Islander community got infected from HIV as they had no access to medical facilities. There are several social determinants of HIV that include discrimination of people infected with the disease, biasness based on gender, financial problems and sexual abuse faced by them during the childhood phase. They also did not receive proper diet which exposed them to many health risk (Barton et al.2017). Self-determination This population lacked self determination and self esteem as they were discriminated from on-indigenous population. This led to depression, sadness an anxiety among them .There was also lack of proper education among young individuals.There are several policies and measures that have helped to the individuals belonging to the indigenous population.The Assimilation policy played an important role in providing training to the individuals who migrated to Australia in order to improve their learning about its culture. Loss of culture/ language/ land/ kinship After the settlement of European migrators, individuals belonging to Torres and Islander population experienced a discrimination based on their culture and language. They also lost their land and had no proper shelter to live (Woinarski, Burbidge and Harrison, 2015). Education and employment Indigenous children did not receive proper education and employment after the European settlement as compared to non-Indigenous children.The children belonging to Toress and Aboriginal population did not receive early childhood education which led to low socioeconomic status (Harrison and Sellwood, 2016). References Barton, S.S., Thommasen, H.V., Tallio, B., Zhang, W. and Michalos, A.C., 2017. Health and quality of life of Aboriginal residential school survivors, Bella Coola Valley, 2001. InConnecting the Quality of Life Theory to Health, Well-being and Education(pp. 123-135). Springer International Publishing. Gale, F., 2016. Aboriginal Australia: survival by separation.Shared Space: Divided Space: Essays on Conflict and Territorial Organization, p.217. Harrison, N.E. and Sellwood, J., 2016.Learning and teaching in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. Woinarski, J.C., Burbidge, A.A. and Harrison, P.L., 2015. Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(15), pp.4531-4540.

Western Civilization World History an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Western Civilization: World History Introduction The geographical framework played a big role towards the development of early civilizations. Most of the benefits can be attributed to rivers, which supported agriculture. This paper aims at analyzing the effect of geographical framework on development of early civilization, problems faced by such civilizations, and the success of the Roman empire in conquering other territories. Geographic framework in which the earliest Western civilizations emerged and developed. Need essay sample on "Western Civilization: World History" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to Burstein & Walter (21-42), most of the early civilizations took place along rivers, due to the availability of water to irrigate their crops. Some of the first civilizations started around the Middle East, evolving to become huge cities where trade flourished. This is because the water that helped grow crops, enabled the people to exchange them for what they did not produce, thereby making such places centers of trading. In India, separation from Asia by mountain ranges, linked it to the Middle east. However, just like most of the early civilizations, agricultural production in India began along river Indus and Ganges. The settlement of people along this region led to development of unique Indian culture, that included the Sanskrit, and Caste system among others. Tigris-Euphrates civilization developed along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and further evolution led to the development of cuneiform, the first human writing known. Further development also led to religious beliefs, tightly organized states and astronomical sciences. The development of this civilization is attributed to the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, which facilitated agriculture. Role of climate and geography in shaping Western civilization. Most historians have an agreement that early civilizations relied on rivers for their development. According to Carol and Leslie (36-43), such early civilizations include Egyptian civilization, that took place along the Nile river. Another is the Babylonian, Sumerian and Phoenician civilization, that took place along the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, among other civilizations. These civilizations emerged because the presence of a source of water presented them with an opportunity to grow grains and other crops, that could be traded with neighbors' products, in order to acquire the commodities that they did not produce. According to Reilly (33-54), with time, the water from the rivers was used for irrigation, and people gradually moved to settle along river banks, which led to cooperation among people living there, in maintaining the systems of irrigation. These people lived as communities and established patterns of living, which gradually led to development to full civilizations, from previous societies, with common cultures. The availability of water for irrigation made long distance trade possible, and with time, societies could acquire tools and weapons, which were used to expand geographical borders, through conquering foreign lands. Other places which had unfavorable climate, such as Europe and Asia, made people living in those places adapt to pastoralism. According to Sealey (43-48), they too could exchange their animals and products with other societies, and acquire foodstuffs and other commodities, that they did not produce. Countries with natural seaports had benefits over the rest, since during the ancient civilization there were many wars. Countries with access to seaports could get supplies, and benefited from trade. Such countries attracted huge populations through migration, and evolved to be commerce centers. The major similarity is that most of these civilizations had, occurred due to presence of rivers, which facilitated agriculture. The practice of agriculture enabled these communities to trade and acquire other commodities that they did not produce. The rivers also attracted people, who came and settled, thereby sharing culture and thus develop. The difference is some societies developed without presence of rivers, such as deserts, and these relied on pastoralism. Common problems faced by the societies of the ancient Near East, the Mediterranean, and Western Europe before 750 CE? There were several problems that the societies in ancient civilizations faced. According to Reilly (42-57), one of the problems was the maintenance of big armies, that would be used for defense against external attacks. These armies incurred high costs in terms of training and equipping them, and this cost was largely felt by peasants. This was because the wealthy land owners were able to evade bureaucracy, and the cost that was associated with it. Another problem that faced most of these societies, was frequent attacks by barbarians. These barbarians attacked frontiers and made such societies politically unstable. They distracted development efforts, since these societies had to finance defense as a primary concern, leaving little resources for anything else. They also affected long distance trade, which reduced the amounts of commodities that could be exchanged by different societies. Another common problem with these societies was that, there was no equality, between various social classes. Every social class had its place in society, and responsibilities were done depending on the social class. This led to discrimination and exploitation of the lower social classes, by the wealthy land owners. Women were also restricted from certain responsibilities, especially those related to leadership. In Greece, Helots, who were the lower social group, were forced to work for Spartans and handed over their harvests to them. A successful State in solving these problems. Athens was the most successful State, in solving these problems. There was a land problem in Athens, and the landless threatened to cause a rebellion. According to Roupp (66-73), this problem was addressed by Solon, the archon in 594 B.C. Solon, who had the responsibility of ensuring reconciliation between the lower and upper classes, spearheaded reforms, that were inspired from, Hesiod, a leader who had lived many years earlier. Solon first canceled all debts and forbade future ones, though he rejected the idea of redistributing land. His long term goal was stimulating industry and trade, so that employment levels would rise. In order to achieve this goal, he granted citizenship to artisans from foreign countries, to Greece and required parents to teach their children a profession, so that they could be independent. He also encouraged production and exporting of certain commodities as olive oil. This helped the economy to grow. In relation to the problem that existed between lower and upper social classes, Cleisthenes, an Athenian leader who came to be in power later, helped solve this problem by disregarding noble-dominated tribes, and creating other tribes. These new tribes contained citizens of all classes, which helped bridge the gap between higher and lower social classes. Reasons for the Roman empire success as compared to other states. There are several reasons that made the Roman empire so successful in conquering and ruling such vast territories. The first reason is their military might; they had a system of fighting which was referred to as the legion. According to Kearney (33-39), this was a system of fighting which gathered the soldiers in formations of several lines. This was very effective, since if the enemies crossed one line, there would be more waiting to tackle them. They carefully orchestrated every activity, and there was an efficient signal system that was used between the legions. These formations were so well designed that they increased fear for enemies. The soldiers along the legion would place their shields together, which acted as a wall of defense. They also trained their soldiers using a technique, that made the officers appear more dangerous to the soldiers than the enemy. This ensured that the soldiers always followed instructions given by their superiors. According to Mennell (91-105), they also used a psychological warfare technique, where the scared soldiers in the battle field were the first to be killed. This was done through attacking the backside of any soldier who turned backwards, as this was the most vulnerable part. The third factor is that they trained the soldiers using techniques, that made them have no doubts that they were the best, and this made them brave during battle. This was reinforced by the fact that they were well rested, fed, and professionally trained, on a day by day basis. Afterward, the Romans would develop laws that other societies wanted to emulate. For instance 'social wars' were developed where Rome fought with its former allies, and these cities eventually wanted Roman law to be used in governance. According to Gabaccia (15-22), this made Rome conquer these cities before allowing them to be governed using the Roman law. The Roman government levied high rates of tax, most of which were apportioned to the army. This army protected owners of land, and since it repulsed any attacks from the east and north, the owners of the land were happy. At around 376 AD, the barbarians occupied Danude and Rhine, and did not pay tax, which led to a shortfall in amounts of tax collected. This marked the beginning of the fall of the Roman empire, and by 476 AD, the Roman army could not effectively protect the people, which made them to arrange with Barbarian kings for their protection. Conclusion. The presence of rivers has been seen to have huge impacts on the development of early civilizations. Rivers helped in irrigation, and the crops harvested would be consumed, with the surplus used in exchange with neighboring communities. It has also been established that security was a major focus, for communities that lived during the early civilization. A lot of resources were spent on the army, to deter attacks by barbarians. The biggest disappointment, however, was the discrimination of the lower classes, and women in society. This is a trend that goes on, even today, and needs to be discouraged. Bibliography Burstein & Walter, Donlan, Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Carol, Dougherty & Leslie Kurke, Cultural poetics in Archaic Greece: cult, performance, politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Gabaccia, Douglas, A long Atlantic in a wider world. Journal of Atlantic Studies. Retrieved on October 21, 2008 from , 2004. Kearney, Milo, The Indian Ocean in World History. London: Routledge, 2004. Mennell, Stephen, The course of human history: Economic growth, social process and civilization. Retrieved on October 21, 2008 from , 1996.